Ecological succession is the process by which an ecosystem gradually changes and develops over time. It involves a series of predictable changes in the composition of species and structure of the ecosystem following a disturbance or the establishment of a new habitat.
There are two main types of ecological succession: primary succession, which occurs in an area where no soil is present, such as after a volcanic eruption, and secondary succession, which occurs in an area where soil is already present, such as after a forest fire.
During succession, pioneer species like lichens and mosses colonize the area first, breaking down rock and building up soil. As the soil becomes more developed, it can support larger plants like grasses and shrubs. Over time, the community of plants and animals in the ecosystem continues to change, eventually leading to a more stable and diverse climax community.
Overall, ecological succession is a natural process that allows ecosystems to recover and adapt to environmental changes, ultimately leading to increased biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.
