Ecological succession is the process by which an ecosystem evolves and changes over time. It involves the gradual and predictable transitions in the species composition and community structure of an area. Succession can be primary, starting from bare rock or soil with no previous life, or secondary, following a disturbance that leaves soil intact. The process typically begins with pioneer species that are well-adapted to harsh conditions and progresses towards a more diverse and stable community known as climax community. Succession plays a crucial role in the development and renewal of ecosystems.
