Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans receive from the natural environment and ecosystems. These services can be categorized into four main types: provisioning services (such as food, water, and raw materials), regulating services (such as climate regulation, pollination, and water purification), supporting services (such as nutrient cycling and soil formation), and cultural services (such as recreational, aesthetic, and spiritual benefits). Ecosystem services are essential for human well-being and the functioning of societies, and they highlight the importance of preserving and protecting natural ecosystems.
