The significance of Litecoin's "Script" language in enabling advanced transaction types lies in its flexibility and programmability. The Script language allows users to create complex transaction scenarios by defining specific conditions that must be met for a transaction to be valid. This enables the implementation of features such as multi-signature wallets, time-locked transactions, and other advanced smart contract functionalities. Ultimately, the Script language enhances the capabilities of Litecoin's blockchain by allowing for more sophisticated and customized transaction types beyond simple transfers of funds.