Lions establish and maintain alliances with neighboring prides or coalitions through various methods such as vocalizations, scent marking, and physical interactions. They often use roaring to communicate their presence and territory boundaries to neighboring groups. Scent marking, through urine and scratching on trees, also helps in demarcating territories and establishing communication with other prides. Additionally, lions may engage in physical interactions like greetings, mutual grooming, and play fighting to strengthen bonds and maintain alliances with neighboring groups.
