Mosses and lichens play important roles in natural ecosystems. Mosses help to retain moisture in the soil, prevent erosion, and provide habitat for small organisms. Lichens are a symbiotic organism made up of a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. They are important as pioneer species in colonizing bare rock or soil, contributing to soil formation and the nitrogen cycle. Lichens are also sensitive to air pollution and are used as bioindicators of air quality. Overall, mosses and lichens contribute to ecosystem health and biodiversity.
