Birds fly in formation for several reasons, including conserving energy by taking advantage of the upwash produced by the bird in front, increasing aerodynamic efficiency, and facilitating communication and coordination within the group. The lead bird sets the pace and direction, while the other birds in the formation adjust their position and wingbeat timing to maintain the optimal aerodynamic advantage. This behavior has evolved as a strategy for birds to travel long distances more efficiently and to stay safe from predators.
