Symbiosis is a close and long-term association between two different organisms where both parties benefit in some way. When it comes to animals and plants, there are numerous fascinating examples of symbiotic relationships. Here are some of the most common types:
Mutualism: This is a win-win situation for both the plant and the animal. Here are a few examples:
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Pollination: Many flowering plants rely on animals for pollination. The plants produce nectar, a sugary reward, to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. As these animals feed on the nectar, they get dusted with pollen grains. When they visit other flowers of the same species, the pollen is transferred, fertilizing the plant and allowing it to reproduce. The animal gets a tasty meal, and the plant gets help with reproduction.
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Seed dispersal: Some plants rely on animals to disperse their seeds. They might develop fruits with fleshy or brightly colored exteriors that attract animals. When animals eat the fruits, the seeds pass through their digestive system and are deposited elsewhere in the environment, helping the plant spread its offspring to new locations. The animal gets a nutritious meal, and the plant benefits from wider seed dispersal.
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Protection: Certain plants may provide shelter or protection to animals in exchange for some benefit. For instance, some ant species live in hollow thorns of acacia trees. The ants defend the trees from herbivores by attacking them. The ants get a safe place to live, and the trees receive protection from leaf-eating insects.
