Animals migrate long distances by using a combination of instincts, environmental cues, and physical adaptations. They may navigate using the sun, stars, Earth's magnetic field, landmarks, or even by following scent trails. Some animals also have the ability to sense changes in temperature, air pressure, or other environmental factors to guide their journeys. Additionally, many species undergo physiological changes to prepare for long migrations, such as storing extra fat for energy or altering their metabolism to conserve resources. Overall, migration is a complex behavior that has evolved over time to help animals survive and thrive in their environments.