The ozone layer is a region in the Earth's stratosphere, the upper part of the atmosphere. It contains high concentrations of ozone (O3), a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. This ozone layer acts like a shield for life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
Here's how the ozone layer affects animals:
Protection from UV radiation: UV radiation can damage DNA, cause sunburn, and increase the risk of skin cancer and cataracts in animals, similar to humans. The ozone layer absorbs a significant amount of this harmful radiation, protecting animals on land and in shallow water.
Impact on immune system: Excessive UV exposure can suppress the immune system of animals, making them more susceptible to infections and diseases. A healthy ozone layer helps protect animals' immune systems.
Effects on aquatic life: While some UV radiation penetrates water, the ozone layer helps shield organisms living in the upper layers of oceans, lakes, and rivers. This is crucial for plankton, fish larvae, and other aquatic animals.
Disruption of ecosystems: Changes in UV radiation due to ozone depletion can disrupt entire ecosystems. For example, increased UV exposure can harm phytoplankton, which are the base of the food chain in many aquatic environments. This can have cascading effects on other organisms in the food web.
In summary, the ozone layer plays a vital role in protecting animals from harmful UV radiation. When the ozone layer is depleted, animals are more vulnerable to the negative effects of UV exposure. International efforts to regulate ozone-depleting substances have helped to heal the ozone layer, but it's an ongoing process.
