Privacy coins, like Monero, Zcash, and Dash, utilize various cryptographic techniques to enhance the privacy and anonymity of transactions. These coins typically employ features such as stealth addresses, ring signatures, zk-SNARKs, or CoinJoin to obfuscate transaction details like the sender's address, receiver's address, and transaction amount. By doing so, privacy coins aim to provide users with increased privacy and fungibility compared to traditional transparent cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.