Birds build nests using a variety of materials they collect from their surroundings. They may use twigs, leaves, mud, feathers, and even pieces of grass or string. The female bird typically constructs the nest by weaving and arranging these materials together in a secure structure, often using her beak and feet to shape and mold the nest to her liking. The nest-building process can vary depending on the species of bird, with some birds creating elaborate and intricate nests while others build simple, cup-shaped nests.