Ants organize their colonies through a system of division of labor, communication through pheromones, and social interaction. Each ant has a specific role based on its age and abilities, such as worker ants, soldier ants, and the queen. The queen is responsible for reproduction, while worker ants take care of tasks like foraging, caring for the young, and building and maintaining the nest. Communication through pheromones helps ants coordinate their activities and navigate their surroundings effectively. This organized structure allows ants to efficiently work together for the benefit of the colony.