Boruto learns about his father's past primarily through conversations with his family members, especially his mother Hinata and his mentor Sasuke. He also uncovers more information about Naruto's past through his own experiences and missions as a ninja, as well as through interactions with villagers who knew Naruto when he was younger. Through these various sources, Boruto gains a deeper understanding of his father's struggles, achievements, and the sacrifices he made for the village.