Ecosystems can recover after natural disasters like forest fires or floods through a process called ecological succession. This process involves the gradual recolonization of plant and animal species in the affected area. Pioneer species, such as grasses and shrubs, are usually the first to establish themselves in the newly cleared environment. Over time, these pioneer species create conditions that are more suitable for other plants and animals to return to the area. Eventually, the ecosystem can reach a state of climax community where biodiversity is restored and the ecosystem regains its stability. The recovery process can take years or even decades depending on the severity of the natural disaster.
