Ecosystems change with altitude in mountainous regions due to variations in temperature, precipitation, soil composition, and other environmental factors. As altitude increases, the climate becomes colder and harsher, leading to the formation of distinct ecological zones known as altitude zones or life zones. These zones include the montane forests, subalpine meadows, alpine tundra, and snow and ice fields. Each zone is characterized by specific flora and fauna adapted to the conditions of that particular altitude. For example, montane forests are typically dominated by coniferous trees, while alpine tundra consists of low-growing plants and hardy wildlife. Overall, as altitude increases, ecosystems tend to become less diverse and more specialized to survive in the challenging mountain environment.
