Animals migrate long distances using a combination of biological instincts, environmental cues, and navigational abilities. Many animals have specialized adaptations that help them navigate during migration, such as magnetic sensing, celestial cues, and the ability to detect specific odors or landmarks along their migration route. Additionally, animals may rely on factors like day length, temperature changes, or food availability to trigger their migratory behavior. Overall, migration is a complex behavior that varies among different species, but it generally involves a combination of genetic programming and environmental cues to successfully navigate long distances.