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What are the differences between primary and secondary succession?

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Primary succession occurs in an area that has not been previously colonized by organisms, such as on newly formed surfaces like volcanic rock or after a glacier retreats. Secondary succession occurs in an area that has been previously inhabited by living organisms but has been disturbed or damaged by events like fires or logging. Primary succession starts with no soil present, while secondary succession starts with soil already present. Primary succession takes longer to establish a stable ecosystem compared to secondary succession.

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