Ecosystems change over geological time scales through a process known as ecological succession. This process involves gradual and sequential changes in the species composition and structure of an ecosystem over long periods of time. Ecosystems can change in response to various factors such as climate change, geological events, species interactions, and human activities. Over millions of years, ecosystems can undergo significant transformations as new species evolve, adapt, and become dominant, while others may become extinct or less prevalent. This continuous cycle of change and adaptation contributes to the diversity and complexity of ecosystems over geological time scales.
