Decomposers play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem health by breaking down dead organic matter, such as plants and animals, into simpler substances. This process releases essential nutrients back into the soil, making them available for other organisms to use. Decomposers also help to recycle carbon and other elements, contributing to the overall balance and health of the ecosystem. Without decomposers, dead organic matter would accumulate and nutrients would become locked up, disrupting the natural cycling processes essential for ecosystem functioning.