Plants have developed several adaptations to survive in arid climates. Some of the common adaptations include:
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Reduced leaf surface area: Plants in arid climates often have small or needle-like leaves to minimize water loss through transpiration.
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Deep root systems: Many arid-adapted plants have extensive root systems that reach deep into the soil to access water sources that are not available to other plants.
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Water storage: Some plants store water in their stems, leaves, or roots to use during dry periods.
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Waxy or hairy leaves: Plants may have a thick waxy coating on their leaves or hairs that reduce water loss through evaporation.
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CAM photosynthesis: Certain plants, such as cacti, use Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, a special type of photosynthesis that allows them to conserve water by opening their stomata at night when it is cooler.
These adaptations help plants conserve water and thrive in arid environments.