Birds use a variety of navigation strategies during migration, including:
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Visual landmarks: Birds use familiar landmarks such as rivers, mountains, and coastlines to help guide them along their migration route.
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Sun compass: Many birds are able to detect the position of the sun in the sky and use it as a compass to determine their direction of travel.
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Magnetic field: Birds have been shown to have a magnetic sense that allows them to detect the Earth's magnetic field and use it for navigation.
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Celestial cues: Birds can also use the positions of the stars and the moon to help orient themselves during migration.
Overall, birds use a combination of these navigation cues to successfully navigate during migration over long distances.