The Lightning Network enables "atomic swaps" between different cryptocurrencies by utilizing smart contracts that allow for trustless and decentralized exchange of assets between parties. In simple terms, atomic swaps ensure that the exchange of one cryptocurrency for another either happens in full or not at all, without the need for a trusted intermediary. This is achieved through the use of Hashed Time Locked Contracts (HTLCs) which allow for secure cross-chain transactions between participants on the Lightning Network.