Elephants demonstrate memory recall and recognition of familiar individuals through their exceptional cognitive abilities, particularly in their strong social bonds. They are known to remember and recognize other elephants even after long periods of separation. This is evidenced by their behavior towards familiar individuals, such as showing signs of excitement, vocalizing, or engaging in specific interactions that are unique to their relationship with that particular elephant. Additionally, elephants have been observed to mourn the loss of specific individuals, further indicating their ability to recall and recognize familiar companions.
