Elephants communicate dominance and submission within their social groups through various physical and vocal cues. Dominant elephants often display confident body language such as standing tall with ears out and head held high, while submissive elephants may lower their bodies, tuck their ears back, and avert their gaze. Dominance is also established through physical interactions like pushing or charging, while submission is shown through behaviors like stepping aside or allowing the dominant elephant to lead. Vocalizations such as trumpeting or rumbling can also convey dominance or submission within the group.
