The domestic cat (Felis catus) is believed to have been domesticated around 9,000 years ago in the Near East, specifically in ancient Mesopotamia, which is now modern-day Middle East regions like Iraq and Turkey. Cats were initially attracted to human settlements due to the presence of rodents, which they preyed upon, leading to a mutually beneficial relationship between cats and humans. Over time, cats were selectively bred for various traits, leading to the diverse breeds we have today.