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Explain the operation of a Schmitt trigger circuit.

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A Schmitt trigger circuit is a type of electronic circuit that converts an analog input signal into a digital output signal. It is designed to have two different voltage threshold levels for turning the output on and off.


Here's how it operates:

  1. When the input voltage rises above the high threshold level, the output of the Schmitt trigger circuit switches to its high state.
  2. The output remains in the high state until the input voltage falls below the low threshold level.
  3. Once the input voltage falls below the low threshold level, the output switches to its low state.
  4. The output remains in the low state until the input voltage rises above the high threshold level again.

This hysteresis effect in the Schmitt trigger circuit prevents rapid switching of the output due to noise or small fluctuations in the input signal, making it useful for applications requiring noise immunity and stable switching behavior.

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