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What is the concept of impedance in AC circuits?

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Impedance in AC circuits is a measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to the flow of alternating current. It combines both resistance and reactance (which includes inductive and capacitive elements) in a complex number form. Impedance is represented by the symbol Z and is measured in ohms. It affects the flow of current in an AC circuit and plays a crucial role in determining the behavior of the circuit, including voltage and current relationships.

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