Mathematics plays a crucial role in the design and analysis of voting systems by providing a framework for evaluating the fairness, efficiency, and accuracy of various voting methods. Mathematical principles are used to assess the properties of voting systems such as majority rule, monotonicity, consistency, and anonymity. By utilizing mathematical models, researchers can study the impact of different electoral systems on outcomes like strategic voting, voter satisfaction, and overall representativeness of elected candidates. Ultimately, mathematics helps in creating and refining voting systems that aim to uphold democratic principles and ensure the integrity of the electoral process.