Mathematics plays a crucial role in understanding the human brain and cognition by providing tools to quantify and analyze complex neural processes. Mathematical models are used to describe brain networks, analyze data from brain imaging techniques, and simulate cognitive processes. These models help researchers identify patterns, make predictions, and gain insights into how the brain functions. Additionally, mathematical principles such as statistics are employed to test hypotheses, draw conclusions from experimental data, and validate theories in the field of neuroscience and cognitive science.