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Can you explain the concept of a hard fork in cryptocurrency?

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A hard fork in cryptocurrency is a significant change to the protocol of a blockchain network that makes previously invalid blocks and transactions valid, or vice versa. This requires all nodes or users to upgrade to the latest version of the protocol software. Essentially, a hard fork creates a permanent divergence in the blockchain, resulting in two separate blockchains. Participants in the network must choose which chain to follow based on their consensus rules.
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