Pulse-width modulation (PWM) controls the output power by varying the width of the pulses in the signal. By adjusting the width of the pulses while keeping the frequency constant, PWM can regulate the average power delivered to the load.
The duty cycle of the PWM signal determines the amount of time the signal is high (on) compared to the total period of the signal. A higher duty cycle (wider pulses) results in more power being delivered to the load, while a lower duty cycle (narrower pulses) reduces the power output. This on-off pattern of the PWM signal allows for precise control of the output power levels.
