A piezoelectric transducer operates based on the piezoelectric effect, which is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. When an electrical signal is applied to a piezoelectric material, it causes the material to deform or vibrate due to the change in shape caused by the electric field. This deformation results in mechanical vibrations being produced by the transducer. In summary, the piezoelectric transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical vibrations through the process of the piezoelectric effect.
